Por Lic. Agustina Leonardi – Lic. Adriano Mandolesi
Recientemente se dieron a conocer los resultados del estudio Doing Business 2015: más allá de la eficiencia que anualmente realiza el Banco Mundial y que mide las facilidades que existen en distintos países para llevar a cabo un emprendimiento, analizando para ello cuestiones fiscales, laborales e institucionales. Argentina y Venezuela ocupan los últimos puestos regionales en clima de negocios
Particularmente, se mensuran 10 categorías, a saber: apertura de un negocio, manejo de permisos de construcción, obtención de electricidad, registro de propiedades, obtención de crédito, protección de los inversores, pago de impuestos, comercio transfronterizo, cumplimiento de los contratos y resolución de la insolvencia.
De acuerdo a dicho informe, Argentina se ubica en el puesto 124 sobre un total de 189 nacionales evaluadas, manteniéndose en igual posición respecto a las últimas dos ediciones. El puntaje alcanzado es de 57,4 puntos sobre una escala del 1 al 100, desprendiéndose claramente de estos guarismos, que en nuestro país no hay un clima amigable para la inversión y el desarrollo de negocios.
Dentro de las variables analizadas, la peor performance se la atribuye en el rubro “manejo de permisos de construcción”, al ubicarse en el puesto 181, tres puestos más abajo que en la edición pasada. El segundo peor posicionamiento se lo adjudica en la variable “apertura de un negocio” con el puesto 146, según esta variable, abrir un negocio en nuestro país demanda 14 procedimientos, 25 días y tiene un costo equivalente al 15,2% del producto por individuo. Para tener una idea, en Singapur, país que lidera el ranking, abrir un negocio lleva 2,5 días, 3 procedimientos y tiene un costo que equivale al 0,6% del ingreso per cápita.
También, Argentina obtiene un muy bajo posicionamiento en materia impositiva para abrir un negocio, situándose en el puesto 170. Por el contrario, el mejor desempeño se observa en “protección de inversionistas minoritarios” al atribuirse el puesto 62 y en “cumplimiento de contratos” (63).
En términos regionales, Colombia lidera el ranking, adjudicándose el puesto 34, seguido por Perú (39), Chile (41), Uruguay (82), Paraguay (92), Ecuador (115) y Brasil (120). Todos estas naciones superan a nuestro país que solo está por arriba de Bolivia (157) y Venezuela (182). Por su parte, cabe señalar que el país trasandino ha perdido el liderazgo regional ya que el año pasado se ubicaba primero con el puesto 37.
Aunque Argentina permanece en la misma posición que la edición pasada, puede advertirse un deterioro importante en los últimos años, más allá de algunas modificaciones y ajustes que el organismo llevó a cabo en la confección de este indicador. Particularmente, en la edición 2006 –primera para la cual se dispone un ordenamiento de los países- Argentina se ubicaba en el puesto 93, es decir perdió 31 puestos desde entonces.
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