“Hay que incentivar el uso de los servicios fintech”

Prensa Económica 2 años ago 470

Pagos. préstamos para cualquier segmento  y seguros, son los rubros en que los servicios fintech tienen perspectivas de más rápido desarrollo. Además, el sistema está en condiciones de posibilitar un salto en materia de inclusión financiera.

> JUAN PABLO BRUZZO, presidente de la Cámara Argentina de Fintech

En la Argentina hay 133 empresas fintech. De ese total, 70% se crearon en los últimos cinco años. Esa cantidad ubica al país como el tercero más grande de la región en desarrollo de empresas financieras basadas en tecnología.

“Tenemos un ecosistema fintech muy diverso; la cámara cuenta con miembros muy disímiles, pero  objetivos claros: educación financiera; mantener contacto constante con las empresas; avanzar en las regulaciones de gobierno, que busca tener una política de Estado para incluir financieramente a quienes no están aún en el sistema”, afirma Juan Pablo Bruzzo, presidente de la Cámara Argentina de Fintech.

En diálogo con Prensa Económica, el también creador de Moni, empresa que otorga préstamos al consumo vía celular, se refirió a los dos años de existencia de la cámara, como también a las ventajas que proponen las distintas fintech, la discusiones que se dan a nivel de gobierno y de instituciones educativas y académicas, como también la posibilidad de convertirse en un sector clave en pleno proceso histórico de transformación digital.

“Tenemos la ventaja que nos han entregado un diagnóstico de la situación y una estrategia a seguir desde el gobierno. La mayor inclusión permitirá que más gente realice aportes y tenga jubilación. El punto es que 80% de quienes cobran por esta vía tienen una cuenta bancaria, pero sólo 30% posee una tarjeta de crédito. Esto hace que un jubilado cobra su sueldo y saca todo el dinero del banco. No aprovecha las ventajas de circular el dinero de manera distinta. Hoy se trabaja en incentivar el uso de la tarjeta de débito, al tiempo que se teoriza sobre cómo incentivar los medios de pago digitales, básicamente, cómo bajar las comisiones.”

Hay que resaltar que quienes cobran jubilaciones o subsidios no tienen acceso a servicios de home banking, es decir, cuentan con un producto bancario que no posee las funcionalidades básicas para aprovecharlo. Otras mejoras que se analizan pasan por el débito automático, que demora tres días en acreditarse, cuando debería ser precisamente “automático”, además de bajar las tasas.

La cámara mantiene reuniones con la AFIP, ministerio de Economía, BCRA, o la UIF. En el caso de la UIF, los encuentros tienen que ver con casos puntuales; tal es el de Western Union, que tiene transferencias al exterior. Las discusiones giran en torno a ver si se puede relajar cierta información hasta cierto monto de giro, a fin de incentivar operaciones desde nuestro espacio. También aparecen las cuestiones vinculadas con la doble imposición, o el impuesto al cheque. Y en ese marco damos nuestra perspectiva sobre inclusión financiera. Porque la problemática pasa por incentivar el uso de los distintos servicios, sea la tarjeta de crédito, la de débito o los diversos servicios digitales.

La batalla cultural
Los pagos digitales son el rubro que más creció en la Argentina en 2018. Tanto la aparición de códigos QR para pagar desde el móvil y a través de distintas plataformas, como la chance de abonar por la vía de una billetera digital también desde el celular incentivaron su uso. Otro caso emblemático es el de Zolvers, plataforma que conecta a empleadas domésticas con interesados en contratar sus servicios, que activó Zolvers Pagos, destinado a blanquear a esas mujeres y, a partir de esa situación, ofrecerles microcréditos que, luego, se descuentan de los haberes que pagan sus empleadores. Bruzzo destacó el paso dado por esa empresa y ejemplificó con un caso personal. “Le pedimos a la señora que trabaja en casa que fuera a un banco a abrirse su caja de ahorros. Fue al Nación, al Ciudad y al Santander Río. En ninguno se la abrieron porque le pedían que fueran los patrones. Ese rechazo genera miedo en esas personas. Y es ahí donde se debe trabajar , en la educación financiera. Al final tuve que ir yo a abrir la cuenta para ella”, reveló.
SALTO EN INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA

Es posible un salto en la inclusión financiera con el uso de la tecnología. Creo que puede haber un salto cuántico grande, y los pagos digitales van a ser el principal motor de este fenómeno, por encima de los créditos -que se otorgan rápidamente por la vía celular-. El objetivo es ingresar dinero al mercado formal con un incentivo fiscal. Y si esto se logra se puede dar ese salto.

En el segmento de pagos suele escucharse la queja de parte de los clientes, de lo caras que resultan las comisiones, especialmente cuando se pide que el dinero se acredite de manera inmediata. Un comercio que cobra con tarjeta cobra a los 30 días. Hay plataformas que lo adelantan, pero eso tiene un costo, vinculado con el costo que a su vez le cobra la tarjeta de crédito. El adelanto es un servicio y la comisión se cobra más cara. Esto tiene que ver con la operatoria, pero también con la competencia. En Brasil los procesadores de crédito salieron hace tiempo, y acá esto recién está apareciendo y se modificará hacia adelante. El oligopolio de VISA se está rompiendo y ésto bajará los costos.

SEGMENTOS CON MÁS DESARROLLO

Dentro del universo fintech argentino, los segmentos que tendrán más desarrollo serán Pagos, Préstamos para cualquier segmento y Seguros. Este último aún no es muy fintech, pero en el mundo tiene mucho desarrollo e impacto. Cualquier fintech puede dar servicios, teniendo en cuenta las reglas. En el caso de los seguros está la Superintendencia, cuyas regulaciones son muy claras, no hay ningún impedimento para avanzar en ese sector. Afuera ya se sacan seguros por tiempo de uso, por ejemplo, por el tiempo que se va a andar en bici, o uno de robos sólo por el tiempo que se va a estar de vacaciones. Hay mucho por hacer ahí en la Argentina.

Se puede esperar más inversiones en fintech en el país. Ya se instaló Nubank, Softbank manifestó su intención y está el fondo de Tim Draper, pero estos dos últimos casos son más que nada por posicionamiento. Luego, cada uno verá si vienen o no. Invertir en start ups es incierto y en la Argentina lo es más aún porque, encima, hay incertidumbre política donde aún no se sabe quiénes serán los candidatos presidenciales.

Andrea Catalano

Prensa Económica

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