Un estudio de PwC indica que cuatro de cada cinco ejecutivos (84 %) declaran tener iniciativas de blockchain en preparación
RESUMEN:
1. China ganará a Estados Unidos el primer lugar como desarrollador de tecnología de cadena de bloques (blockchain), en los próximos tres a cinco años.
2. Las mayores barreras identificadas para su adopción por parte de las empresas son la confianza y la incertidumbre regulatoria.
El estudio realizado por PwC analiza el punto de vista de 600 ejecutivos en 15 países: Australia, China, Dinamarca, Francia, Alemania, Hong Kong, India, Italia, Japón, Países Bajos, Singapur, Suecia, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos, en relación con la puesta en marcha de la tecnología blockchain en sus organizaciones.
“Lo que los ejecutivos nos están transmitiendo es que nadie quiere quedar rezagado con respecto a los servicios blockchain, incluso cuando, en esta etapa temprana de su desarrollo, siguen vigentes dudas acerca de la confiabilidad y las regulaciones”, comenta Mariana Melbardis, socia de PwC Argentina, del área de Consultoría.
El 84% de los ejecutivos encuestados especifican tener iniciativas en preparación, y el 15% totalmente en marcha. En un momento en que esta tecnología está renovando las conexiones de negocios y el comercio, este estudio proporciona un signo muy claro del temor de las organizaciones de quedarse atrás mientras estos desarrollos se aceleran en todo el mundo y abren oportunidades como: reducción de costos, mayor velocidad y más transparencia y trazabilidad.
Una cuarta parte de los ejecutivos informan que tienen un proyecto piloto de implementación de blockchain en curso (10 %) o totalmente en marcha (15 %). Casi un tercio (32 %) poseen proyectos en desarrollo y un quinto (20 %) en la etapa de investigación.
Estados Unidos (29 %), China (18 %) y Australia (7 %) son vistos como los más avanzados actualmente en cuanto al desarrollo de proyectos. Sin embargo, el 30 % cree que, dentro de tres a cinco años, China superará a Estados Unidos, desplazando el centro de influencia y actividad, localizado inicialmente en este país y Europa.
La encuesta refleja el predominio de los desarrollos para servicios financieros en cuanto a tecnología blockchain, con un 46 % que identifican este sector como líder en la actualidad y un 41 % en el corto plazo (3-5 años). Entre los sectores que los encuestados identificaron como de potencial emergente, se incluyen energía y servicios públicos (14 %), salud (14 %) y manufacturas industriales (12 %).
“Una estructura de blockchain bien diseñada no se limita a evitar los intermediarios, sino que reduce costos y aumenta la velocidad, alcance, transparencia y la trazabilidad para muchos procesos de negocios. El argumento comercial puede ser muy convincente, si las empresas comprenden cuál es su estrategia final en el uso de tecnología y la hacen corresponder con su diseño”, agrega Melbardis.
Los mayores beneficios de su uso serán desarrollados y entregados a través de plataformas compartidas que abarcan toda la industria. Pero el estudio hace notar que esto no ocurrirá a menos que las empresas específicas de cada sector –incluyendo las de la competencia– acuerden estándares comunes y operen en conjunto.
A pesar del potencial de esta tecnología, los participantes señalaron la confianza como uno de los mayores obstáculos para su adopción (45 %) y, el 48 % cree que es la incertidumbre normativa. La preocupación por la confiabilidad entre los usuarios es más elevada en Singapur (37 %), Emiratos Árabes Unidos (34 %) y Hong Kong (35 %), lo que en parte refleja la dominancia de los servicios financieros en el desarrollo de blockchain. La inquietud con respecto a la incertidumbre normativa fue mayor en Alemania (38 %), Australia (37 %) y el Reino Unido (32 %).
“En la realidad, las empresas se enfrentan con cuestiones de confiabilidad casi a cada paso. No enunciar una estrategia de negocios clara desde el comienzo hace que los proyectos queden estancados”, continúa Mariana Melbardis. “Las empresas necesitan poner más esfuerzo en incorporar en su diseño, cómo abordar cuestiones de confianza y normativa”.
Uno de cada tres encuestados que reconocieron poca o ninguna implicación con proyectos blockchain, mencionaron como motivos: el costo (31 %), la incertidumbre con respecto a dónde comenzar (24 %) y cuestiones administrativas (14 %).
El estudio identifica cuatro áreas clave en las que hacer foco para el desarrollo de plataformas de blockchain internas de las industrias en general:
- Preparar el argumento comercial: una organización puede empezar con un proyecto pequeño, pero debe plasmar con claridad el propósito de la iniciativa para que otros participantes puedan identificarse y alinear en torno a ese proyecto.
- Construir un ecosistema: deberían reunirse participantes de diversas compañías en la misma industria y trabajar en conjunto para lograr un sistema de normas comunes que regulen las blockchains. Del 15 % de los encuestados que ya tienen aplicaciones en funcionamiento, 88 % eran o líderes o bien miembros activos de un consorcio de blockchain.
- Diseñar centrándose en lo que los usuarios pueden ver y hacer: los socios de negocios necesitan contar con reglas y estándares para los permisos de acceso. La participación desde el comienzo de profesionales del área de riesgos –incluyendo legales, cumplimiento, seguridad informática– asegurará un marco de blockchain confiable para reguladores y usuarios.
- No perder el rumbo en la incertidumbre regulatoria: el estudio advierte que los desarrolladores de blockchain deben estar atentos, pero no pasivos, ya que los requisitos regulatorios se irán desenvolviendo durante los próximos años. Es vital colaborar con los reguladores para contribuir a dar forma a este ambiente en evolución.
“Crear e implementar proyectos de blockchain para explotar todo su potencial no es un proyecto de IT, es una transformación de los modelos de negocios, roles y procesos. Necesita un argumento comercial claro, un ecosistema que lo sustente, con reglas, normas y una flexibilidad inherente a su estructura, para abordar los cambios regulatorios”, finaliza Melbardis.
El estudio puede descargarse desde: www.pwc.com/blockchainsurvey
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